What are CNC machine tools made of?

2023-07-25

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CNC machine tools for people who use CNC machine tools, these must be understood and mastered, but also the most basic, only mastered, can the correct use of CNC machine tools, will not appear improper operation and other problems.
1. The composition of CNC machine tools
CNC machine tool is composed of program, input/output device, CNC Machining unit, servo system, position feedback system, machine tool body, the following is a brief introduction.
(1) CNC unit
CNC unit is the core of CNC machine tools, CNC unit consists of three parts of information input, processing and output. The CNC unit accepts digital information, and after decoding, interpolation and logic processing by the control software and logic circuit of the numerical control device, various instruction information is output to the servo system, and the servo system drives the executive parts for feed movement. Others include shifting, commutation and start-stop signals of the main moving parts; Select and exchange tool command signals, cooling, lubrication start and stop, workpiece and machine tool parts loosening, clamping, indexing table indexing and other auxiliary command signals.
(2) Servo system
It is composed of a drive, a drive motor, and an actuator and a mechanical transmission part on the machine tool to form the feed system of the CNC machine tool. Its role is to convert the pulse signal from the CNC device into the movement of the moving parts of the machine. For stepper motors, each pulse signal turns the motor at an angle, which in turn drives the moving parts of the machine to move a small distance. Each actuator of the feed motion has a corresponding servo drive system, and the performance of the entire machine tool mainly depends on the servo system.
(3) Position feedback system
Feedback of corner displacement of servo motor, displacement feedback of CNC machine tool actuator (table). Zhuzhou CNC machine tools include gratings, rotary encoders, laser rangefinders, magnetic grids, etc.
The feedback device converts the detection results into electrical signals and feeds back to the numerical control device, and through comparison, calculates the deviation between the actual position and the command position, and sends a deviation command to control the feed movement of the execution part.
(4) Mechanical parts of machine tools

For CNC machine tools of machining centers, as well as tool magazines for storing tools, manipulators for exchanging tools and other components, the composition of mechanical components of CNC machine tools is similar to that of ordinary machine tools, but the transmission structure requirements are simpler, and the requirements for precision, rigidity, seismic resistance and other aspects are higher, and its transmission and speed shifting system is more convenient to achieve automatic expansion.

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